Vol. 9(4), pp. 143-153, August 2021
https://doi.org/10.14662/arjasr2021215
Copyright 2021
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
ISSN: 2360-7874
http://www.academicresearchjournals.org/ARJASR/Index.htm
 

Research paper

Role of feeding dietary energy and other nutrients to dairy cows on performance and immune status of dairy cows during the periparturient period

 

Girma Debele Delelesse

 

Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology Directorate, P.O.Box 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Corresponding address: Girma Debele, Ph.D. email: girmet@yahoo.com

 

Accepted 30 August 2021

Abstract

Dietary nutrients have big role on immune status and performance of dairy cows during the periparturient periods. Unable to fulfill the nutrients requirement of the cow especially during the transition period predispose the cow to many production diseases like milk fever, subclinical hypocalcemia, ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, retained fetalmembranes, metritis, mastitis and displaced abomasum. The objective this review paper was to assess the effect of various dietary nutrients on immune status and production performance of dairy cows during far dry off and transition periods. Feeding different dietary energy, rumen protected amino acids and some micronutrients during the periparturient period play a significant role on energy metabolism and immune status of dairy cows. However, both underfeeding and overfeeding dietary energy during the pregnancy state had negative effect on health status as well as production performance of dairy cows. Under feeding dietary energy during early lactation reduce milk production, immune status and suddenly increase the energy level in diet of the cows lead to sub-acute acidosis. On the other hand overfeeding of dietary energy during the dry period aggravates the negative energy balance in the postpartum cows. It increased the concentration of NEFA in serum of cows in early lactation.Hence, inappropriate feeding of dietary energy during dry off and transition period could not help dairy cow to reduce negative energy balance in the postpartum cows. It also increased the expression of miR-143 gene which regulate the expression of other genes by different mechanisms and increased the expression of miR-378 a non-coding RNA molecule which able to regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Rumen protected amino acids especially methionine and choline are very important for transition cows to alleviate the negative energy balance of cows around calving. Methionine is one of the essential amino acids and has multifunction, it involved in protein synthesis, used as a methyl donor and it also used as precursor of other antioxidant and lipotropic compounds. Feeding this amino acid in the form of rumen protected to dairy cows reduces the degradation methionine in rumen by rumen microbial and increased blood polymorph nuclear leukocyte phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity during the transition period. This showed that supplementation of methionine to transition cow is resulted in better immune response, improve dry matter intake, milk yield and greater in phagocytosis and oxidative burst capabilities upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide.

 

Key words: transition, methionine, oxidative, immune

 

How to cite this article (APA Style): Girma, D.D. (2021). Role of feeding dietary energy and other nutrients to dairy cows on performance and immune status of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Acad. Res. J. Agri. Sci. Res. 9(4): 143-153